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This article's may be too long for the length of the article. Please help by moving some material from it into the body of the article. Please read the and to ensure the section will still be inclusive of all essential details. Please discuss this issue on the article's. August 2018 The 2G spectrum case was an alleged scam by the politicians and government officials under the Congress coalition government in India. The Union Government of that time was accused of undercharging companies for licenses, which they used to create subscriptions for cell phones. On 2 February 2012, the ruled on a PIL related to the 2G spectrum allocation. According to some analysts , many corruption scandals including the 2G spectrum case, the , and the were major factors behind the -led UPA government's massive defeat in the. The severity of the corruption charges led to a loss of trust between Congress and the party. On December 21, 2017, the special court in New Delhi acquitted all accused in the 2G spectrum case including prime accused A Raja and Kanimozhi. This verdict was based on the fact that could not find any evidence against the accused in those 7 years. India is divided into 22 telecommunications zones, with 281 zonal licenses. In 2008, 122 new Unified Access Service UAS licenses were granted to telecom companies on a first-come, first-served basis at the 2001 price. According to the CBI charge sheet, several laws were violated and bribes were paid to favour certain firms in granting 2G spectrum licenses. According to a audit, licenses were granted to ineligible corporations, those with no experience in the telecom sector such as Unitech and Swan Telecom and those who had concealed relevant information. Although former advised Raja to allot 2G spectrum transparently and revise the license fee in a November 2007 letter, Raja rejected many of Singh's recommendations. In another letter that month, the expressed procedural concerns to the ; these were ignored, and the cut-off date was moved forward from 1 October 2007 to 25 September. On 25 September, the DOT announced on its website that applicants filing between 3:30 and 4:30 pm that day would be granted licenses. Although the policy for awarding licences was , which was introduced during Atal Bihari Vajpayee Government, Raja changed the rules so it applied to compliance with conditions instead of the application itself. On 10 January 2008, companies were given only a few hours to supply Letters of Intent and payments; some executives were allegedly tipped off by Raja. Later that year, Telenor bought a majority share in the telecom company from the Unitech Group and now provides service as with 22 licences. In late 2008 Russia-based bought a majority share in the company, which now operates as. Shyani Telelink Mumbai, Bihar, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh 4 Swan Telecom Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu including Chennai , Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Mumbai 13 Swan was a subsidiary of Reliance Telecom established to circumvent the one-company-one-license rule. In 2008, Swan merged with Allianz Infratech; late in the year Abu Dhabi's Etisalat bought about 45 percent of the company, renaming it Etisalat DB Telecom. Seven are in use by the company, and the remainder are overlapping licenses. In May 2009, bought an 11. The selling of the licenses drew attention to three groups: politicians and bureaucrats, who had the authority to sell licenses; corporations buying the licenses, and professionals who mediated between the politicians and corporations. Politicians The following charges were filed by the CBI and the in the Special CBI Court. The changed deadline eliminated many applications, enabling Raja to favour a few applicants. The agencies also alleged that he used accounts in his wife's name in Mauritius and Seychelles banks for the kickbacks. A CBI charge sheet alleged that Raja conspired with the accused and arbitrarily refined the first-come, first-served policy to ensure that Swan and Unitech received licences. Instead of auctioning 2G spectrum, he sold it at the 2001 rate. Applied for bail on 9 May 2012, which was granted on 15 May. On 21 December 2017, he has been acquitted by a Special CBI Court. DMK member of Parliament, representing Tamil Nadu in the. Kanimozhi was in regular contact with Raja about the launch of Kalaignar TV. Raja advanced the channel's cause, facilitating its registration with the and adding it to operator 's lineup. Kanimozhi was charged with tax evasion by the Income Tax Department in Chennai. Granted bail on 28 November 2011, after 188 days in custody. On 21 December 2017, she has been acquitted by a Special CBI Court. Bureaucrats A number of bureaucrats were named in the CBI charge sheet filed in its Special Court. When the application deadline time was declared, from 3:30 to 4:30 pm Behura closed counters to block other telecom companies. In a 10 July 2012 deposition, Behura blamed Raja for most of the decisions related to 2G spectrum auctions. Although he was granted bail by the special CBI court on 1 December 2011, the following day the High Court took notice of newspaper reports of the bail and stayed it. Chandolia appealed to the Supreme Court, and on 9 May 2012 the court upheld the bail grant. He was acquitted on 21 December 2017 by a Special CBI Court for lack of substantial evidence. Executives A number of executives were accused in the CBI charge sheet. As of 21 December 2017 he has been acquitted by a special CBI Court. As of 21 December 2017 he has been acquitted by a special CBI Court. Corporations Several companies were named in the CBI charge sheet. According to critics, Dutt and Sanghvi knew about the link between the government and the media industry but delayed reporting the corruption. The filed the first petition against the Union of India for irregularities in awarding 2G spectrum licenses. This led to further petitions, and an investigation began in 2010. Raja rejects many of the prime minister's recommendations. Its demand for a review is rejected. The CVC directs the CBI to investigate irregularities in the allocation of 2G spectrum. Thomas' fitness to supervise the CBI probe, since he was Telecom Secretary at that time. Raja questions the CAG findings. The Directorate General of Income Tax Investigation reports a money trail covering 10 countries, including Mauritius. Swan Telecom corporate promoter Shahid Usman Balwa is arrested. Raja and Balwa are remanded to CBI custody for four more days by a special CBI court. Raja appears in CBI court via video-conference. Balwa is also allowed to appear via video-conference. Asif Balwa and Rajeev Agarwal are arrested. The SC issues a contempt of court notice to managing director and two others for alleged interference in the investigation. Chidambaram should be charged. The CBI arrests former telecom minister and leader and his brother,. Chandolia, ordering him not to visit the DoT without prior court permission. It also charges , its subsidiary Loop Telecom and. The SC requested a trial-court ruling about whether Home Minister should be charged. P Saini, dismisses Swamy's request to charge Chidambram. Swamy said he would notify the Supreme Court. Raja and Sistema majority shareholder in , and other telecom companies also file a SC review petition. Companies dismissed include Videocon Telecommunications, S Tel, Sistema Shyam Teleservices, Tata Teleservices, Unitech Wireless Tamil Nadu , Etisalat DB Telecom and Idea Cellular. Srivastava confirmed the CBI's allegation in his testimony, and Raja as telecom minister was the final authority on policy matters. In an earlier statement to CBI, he said that Raja had recorded the cut—off date of 1 October 2007 in a DoT file. If you insist on making payment at the last minute after changing the cut-off date, then it is not FCFS, it is an out-of-turn policy. After cancelling 122 licences in February, the court had given it four months to re-auction them which had been extended to 31 August. According to Dasgupta, in a November 2007 letter Kamal Nath advised the Prime Minister to establish a group of ministers to allocate spectrum. He also referred to a note from the Cabinet Secretary recommending that the assessed value of spectrum licences be increased. On 2 February 2012 the Supreme Court ruled on petitions filed by Subramanian Swamy and the Centre for Public Interest Litigation CPIL represented by , challenging the 2008 allotment of 2G licenses, cancelling all 122 spectrum licences granted during Raja's term as communications minister. According to the ruling the current licences would remain in place for four months, after which time the government would reissue the licences. In its ruling the court said that former telecom minister A. Although the TRAI recommendations for allocation of 2G spectrum had serious financial implications and finance ministry input was required under the Government of India Transaction of Business Rules, 1961 , Telecom Commission non-permanent members were not notified of the meeting. However, Raja did not consult the finance minister or other officials because the finance secretary had objected to allocating 2G spectrum at 2001 rates. After receiving the PM's 2 November 2007 letter suggesting transparency in spectrum allocation of the spectrum, Raja said it would be unfair, discriminatory, arbitrary and capricious to auction spectrum to new applicants because it would not give them a level playing field. Although a 24 September DoT press release said that 1 October would be the application deadline, he changed the deadline to 25 September. Companies affected by cancellations The table below lists the companies whose license were cancelled. Company Parent company of licences cancelled Joint venture of of India and of Norway 22 , now Joint venture of the Shyam Group of India and Sistema of Russia 21 formerly BPL Mobile Khaitan Holding Group 21 21 Etisalat-DB Joint venture of of India and of the UAE 15 49. After the Supreme Court ruling, Batelco sold its 42. On 23 February 2012, Etisalat of Etasalat-DB Telecom sued DB Realty corporate promoters and for fraud and misrepresentation. After the special CBI court verdict on December 21, 2017 acquitting all the accused, the government faces compensation claims worth over Rs 17,000 crore from telcos like Videocon Telecom, Loop Telecom and STel who suffered loss of business after the Supreme Court scrapped 122 licences in 2012. See also: , , , and On 6 June 2011 former chief C. Sivasankaran complained to the CBI about not receiving a telecom licence and being forced by telecom minister to sell Aircel to the Malaysia-based group, owned by T. The licences were allegedly issued after the deal was made. Sivasankaran also alleged that brothers Dayanidhi and received kickbacks in the form of investments by the Maxis group through the Astro network in , owned by the Maran family. In the wake of the allegations, Maran resigned on 7 July. On 10 October, the CBI registered a case and raided properties owned by the Marans. CBI sources said that although no evidence of coercion was found in the Aircel sale, they found substantial evidence that Maran had favoured the company's takeover by Maxis and deliberately delayed Sivasankar's files. During the CBI probe Sivasankaran said that the Maran brothers had forced him to sell his 74% share in Aircel to Maxis by threatening his life, giving the CBI a list of over 10 witnesses. In September 2012, the CBI said it finished its Indian investigation and was awaiting the response to a sent to Malaysia and a questionnaire from T. Ananda Krishnan before filing a chargesheet. On 29 August 2014, the CBI filed a against Dayanidhi Maran, his brother Kalanithi Maran, Malaysian businessman T Ananda Krishnan, Malaysian national Augustus Ralph Marshall, six others and four firms — Sun Direct TV Pvt Ltd, Maxis Communication Berhad, Astro All Asia Network PLC and South Asia Entertainment Holding Ltd as accused in the case. On 29 October 2014, special CBI judge OP Saini said that he found enough evidence to proceed with the prosecution and hence summoned former telecom minister Dayanidhi Maran and others as accused. Based on the CBI chargesheet, the Enforcement Directorate ED on 1 April 2015, attached Maran brothers' properties worth Rs 742 crore. According to Swamy, Chidambaram withheld clearance of the deal until his son received the five-percent share in Siva's company. The issue was raised a number of times in by the opposition, which demanded Chidambaram's resignation. Although he and the government denied the allegations, and reported the existence of documents showing that Chidambaram delayed approval of the proposal by about seven months. In July 2018, the CBI named P Chidambaram and Karti Chidambaram as accused in its supplementary. The charge sheet named 16 other co-accused, including former finance secretaries , , former Aircel CEO , Maxis owners and. Although the government rejected their demand, when the winter session of Parliament began on 9 November 2010 the opposition again pressed for a JPC; again, their demand was rejected. The demand for a JPC gained further momentum when the CAG report was tabled in Parliament on 16 November 2010. The opposition blocked the proceedings, again pressing for a JPC; the government again rejected their demand, creating an impasse. The winter session of Parliament concluded on 13 December 2010. Although 22 new bills were planned to be introduced, 23 pending bills passed and three bills withdrawn, Parliament functioned for only nine hours. On 22 February 2011, after resisting opposition demands for over three months, the government announced that it would form a JPC. The JPC criticised the CBI for its leniency to the PM, the , Dayanidhi Maran and Chidambaram and its reluctance to investigate their roles on 24 July 2012. 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